Sains Malaysiana 53(2)(2024): 383-396
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-12
Evaluation for
Antiviral Potential of Ficus
deltoidea against Dengue Virus Type-2
(Penilaian Potensi
Antivirus Ficus deltoidea terhadap Virus Denggi Jenis-2)
YUAN SENG WU1,2, SHERYAR AFZAL3,*, V. APPALARAJU4,
TAN QI WEI 4, AIMI SYAMIMA ABDUL MANAP3 & IBRAHIM
ALBOKHADAIM3
1Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life
Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
2Department of Medical Education, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
3Department of Pharmacology,
College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
4Department of Scientific
Basis of Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana
Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 15 Oktober 2023/Diterima: 19 Januari 2024
Abstract
Dengue is one of
the most widespread arthropod-borne viral diseases that cause negative impact
globally. Presently, no effective drug is available to safeguard people against
dengue. Ficus deltoidea is Malaysia's famous traditional herb
belonging to Moraceae family due to its pharmacological potential. F.
deltoidea leaves (FDL) were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and
methanol. Cell cytotoxicity study using MTT assay measuring the formazan
absorbance was conducted to determine maximum non-toxic concentration on Vero
cells. The antiviral activities of various concentrations of FDL extracts were
assessed using virus reduction neutralisation tests against dengue virus type
2. The CC20 value of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol FDL
extracts were 2.99 ± 0.31, 22.15 ± 2.39, and 25.22 ± 0.42 µg/mL, respectively.
Methanol FDL extract at maximum non-toxic concentration exerted strongest
direct extracellular virucidal effect against DENV-2. In cell protection assay,
ethyl acetate FDL extract achieved highest reduction in viral infectivity
(98.17%), whereas n-hexane FDL extract showed strongest inhibition in DENV-2
viral replication in post-infection assay. Methanol FDL extract showed highest
selectivity index value in direct virus inhibition, cell protection and
post-infection assay. Conclusively, FDL extracts, especially methanol FDL
showed potential antiviral activity against DENV-2, thus considered as
promising anti-dengue agent.
Keywords:
Antiviral; cytotoxicity; dengue virus type 2; Ficus deltoidei; MTT assay
Abstrak
Denggi ialah
salah satu penyakit virus bawaan artropod yang paling meluas yang menyebabkan
kesan negatif di seluruh dunia. Pada masa ini, tiada ubat yang berkesan tersedia
untuk melindungi orang ramai daripada denggi. Ficus deltoidea ialah
herba tradisi Malaysia yang terkenal kepunyaan famili Moraceae kerana potensi
farmakologinya. Daun F. deltoidea (FDL) diekstrak dengan n-heksana, etil
asetat dan metanol. Kajian sitotoksisiti sel menggunakan ujian MTT yang
mengukur penyerapan formazan telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kepekatan tidak
toksik maksimum pada sel Vero. Aktiviti antivirus pelbagai kepekatan ekstrak
FDL dinilai menggunakan ujian peneutralan pengurangan virus terhadap virus
denggi jenis 2. Nilai CC20 bagi ekstrak FDL n-heksana, etil asetat
dan metanol masing-masing ialah 2.99 ± 0.31, 22.15 ± 2.39 dan 25.22 ± 0.42
µg/mL. Ekstrak metanol FDL pada kepekatan tidak toksik maksimum memberikan
kesan virusidal ekstrasel langsung yang paling kuat terhadap DENV-2. Dalam
ujian perlindungan sel, ekstrak FDL etil asetat mencapai pengurangan tertinggi
dalam kejangkitan virus (98.17%), manakala ekstrak n- heksana FDL menunjukkan
perencatan paling kuat dalam replikasi virus DENV-2 dalam ujian pasca
jangkitan. Ekstrak metanol FDL menunjukkan nilai indeks selektiviti tertinggi
dalam perencatan virus langsung, perlindungan sel dan ujian pasca jangkitan.
Secara kesimpulannya, ekstrak FDL, terutamanya metanol FDL menunjukkan potensi
aktiviti antivirus terhadap DENV-2, oleh itu dianggap sebagai agen anti-denggi
yang berpotensi.
Kata kunci:
Antivirus; Ficus deltoidei; sitotoksisiti; ujian MTT; virus denggi jenis
2
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
safzal@kfu.edu.sa
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